HOMME BLESSÉ* МІЖ ВИБОРОМ ЛЮБОВІ ТА ВИБОРОМ ВОРОЖНЕЧІ: КОНТЕКСТИ ВІЙНИ В УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

The central theme of the article is the war in Ukraine and the person traumatized by it. The subject of the study is the contradiction between the choice of love and the choice of enmity in the existential dimensions of war. The purpose of the paper is to identify and characterize the main philosophical anthropological problems that arose in Ukrainian society as a result of the full-scale Russian invasion of the territory of Ukraine and to outline ways to overcome the socio-existential crisis. Special attention is paid to the analysis and establishment of the status of Ukrainians who went abroad and found themselves in new social and civil coordinates. Methodology includes methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of scientific knowledge: induction and deduction. Heuristically fruitful were: the doctrine of J. Habermas on citizenship and national identity, the political philosophy of H. Arendt, the deep psychology of C. Jung regarding the influence of the collective figure and mana-personality, the metaphysical doctrine of the identical by E. Levinas, the theory of cognition of empathy by E. Stein, fundamental principles of moral philosophy by V. Yankelevich, concept of existence in conditions of fear and terror by B. Bettelheim, concept of vulnerability by G. le Blanc. Results. The theoretical and practical significance of the obtained results allows us to group the causes, features, conditions and nature of key phenomena, as well as to formulate the author's concept of homme blessé, which represents the construction of a coherent philosophical study around the repetition of the corps de guerre in the matter of choosing love and choosing enmity in existential, social-anthropological and legal aspects based on the developed innovative approach. Scientific research is deepened by personal observations of the researcher during her life and work in France in 2022–2024 as a scientist in exile under the special mode of "temporary protection" granted to Ukrainians for stay within the European Union. In the course of a life and professional experiment with a temporary shelter, the set tasks were solved and the basic propositions of the proposed hypothesis were confirmed. Personal experience constitutes an empirical base of knowledge for the development of theoretical approaches and the identification of regularities in the appearance and development of the characterized problems. Practical implications. The importance of the results obtained in the mentioned study lies in the possibility of analyzing the semantic bases in different directions of philosophical knowledge regarding the loss of identity. The results are innovative for the development of philosophy, social philosophy, sociology, philosophy of law and philosophical anthropology in particular. Within the received provisions, it is possible to outline the prospect of further detailed study of the defined concepts in this direction. Value/originality. The materials are unique, the author's theoretical and practical base can be used to expand ideas about the following phenomena: choice, love, enmity, identity, existence, war. The conclusions and provisions presented in this material can be used as an information base when developing courses and special courses: "Philosophical Anthropology", "Social Philosophy", "Philosophy of Love", "Philosophy of Law", "Ethics", "Sociology", "Philosophy and psychotherapy", "Philosophy of survival in extreme conditions", "Ontology of choice", etc.