Abstract
Students' metacognitive thinking can be improved using appropriate procedures applied to homework: four step problem-solving strategy, discussion in class, and grading based on reflection and effort.
Highlights
Metacognition refers to awareness of one’s own knowledge and the ability to understand, control, and influence one’s cognitive processes
The number of metacognitive comments increases over time, when we look at the number of comments in each category, we see that only the number of comments in the knowledge of cognition category has increased significantly, whereas in the other category there is no significant increase
While we did not find a significant increase in the regulation of cognition category over time, the ability to evaluate the final result increased over the semester which means that more students were realizing the importance of checking the reasonableness of their final answers
Summary
Metacognition refers to awareness of one’s own knowledge and the ability to understand, control, and influence one’s cognitive processes. A considerable number of studies show that students who receive metacognitive instructions and training perform better on self-regulated learning activities and demonstrate higher levels of motivation after instruction [5]. Such learners construct knowledge using cognitive strategies while planning, monitoring, and evaluating their thinking. Individuals with well-developed metacognitive skills use a repertoire of strategies to think through a problem or approach a task, and they can transfer these strategies to new settings These individuals reflect on their own thinking processes, learn from mistakes, and make decisions about a course of action to resolve the problem or successfully perform the task [1,7]
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