Homeostatic responses in the gut of Porcellio scaber (Isopoda: Oniscidea) optimize litter degradation

Abstract

In order to examine the influence of differences in food conditions on gut characteristics in Porcellio scaber, pH-manipulated and microbially inoculated leaf litter from three different tree species were offered. Microbial activity was clearly influenced by the pH levels of the leaves. Analyses of the pH levels in the gut indicated the ability of P. scaber to buffer the pH value in the intestinal tract to about 5.5–6.0 in the anterior hindgut, and to about 6.0–6.5 in the posterior hindgut. The pH levels of the gut sections remained in this range, within a range of food pH from 4.0 to 7.5, no matter what kind of leaves the animals were fed. Homeostatic responses to changes in food pH guarantee optimized digestion of leaf litter. However, when the pH level of the litter dropped below 3.5, P. scaber was not able to maintain the pH conditions in the gut. Furthermore, microorganisms colonizing the litter biased the pH level in the anterior hindgut where digestive processes mainly take place. These results indicate a decline of litter quality with regard to the nutrition of terrestrial isopods, caused by acidification and consequently reduced microbial activity.