Homeostasis Model Assessment (Beta Cell Function) of a Type 2 Diabetes Nigerian Population

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus has been described to be a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia resulting from defective insulin secretion, action or both. This study was designed to determine serum insulin level, fasting plasma glucose and % β-cell function in treated and untreated complicated and uncomplicated diabetes subjects. Ninety subjects comprising of sixty test subjects (30 uncomplicated and 30 complicated diabetes subjects) and thirty control subjects were recruited for this study. Glucose was estimated using Glucose-Oxidase Peroxidase method, while Insulin was analyzed using ELISA. The results obtained showed thatBMI, Glucose, %βCF and insulin showed no significant difference in treated uncomplicated diabetes subjects compared to control (p>0.05). Glucose and %βCF were significantly higher (p<0.05) in untreated uncomplicated diabetes subjects compared to control, while BMI and insulin showed no significant difference (p>0.05).Glucose and %βCF were significantly higher (p<0.05) in untreated uncomplicated diabetes subjects compared to treated subjects, while insulin and BMI showed no significant difference (p>0.05).BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and insulin level were significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated complicated diabetes subjects compared to control, whereas Glucose and %βCF showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Glucose correlated positively with all parameters in untreated uncomplicated diabetes subjects. We conclude that insulin is increased, while % β-cell function is reduced in diabetes subjects especially in untreated complicated diabetes subjects. Insulin resistance and impaired β-cell function are important pathological basis for the deterioration of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, early screening and intervention for T2DM might help improve islet function and delay the progression of diabetes.