Homeostasis and Disorder of Musculoskeletal System.Molecular signaling and its pathogenic alterations in neuromuscular junction formation.

Abstract

The neuromuscular junction(NMJ)is the synapse between a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle that is essential for muscle contraction. Impairments at the NMJ lead to neuromuscular-transmission pathologies characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. Muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK plays key roles in NMJ formation. Over the past decade, studies examining the NMJ formation signals have identified molecules involved in the signaling pathways and have promoted a better understanding of characteristic molecular mechanisms for MuSK activation. Unlike many other receptor tyrosine kinases, MuSK is regulated by the cytoplasmic activator Dok-7 in addition to the extracellular activator agrin. It is well established that all of these molecules are indispensable in the formation and maintenance of the NMJ. In this chapter, we review molecular signaling, particularly MuSK signaling, in the formation of the NMJ and the altered molecular signaling associated with neuromuscular disorders.