Abstract
BackgroundThe influence of community context on the effectiveness of evidence-based maternal and child home visitation programs following implementation is poorly understood. This study compared prenatal smoking cessation between home visitation program recipients and local-area comparison women across 24 implementation sites within one state, while also estimating the independent effect of community smoking norms on smoking cessation behavior.MethodsRetrospective cohort design using propensity score matching of Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) clients and local-area matched comparison women who smoked cigarettes in the first trimester of pregnancy. Birth certificate data were used to classify smoking status. The main outcome measure was smoking cessation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined, over two time periods, the association of NFP exposure and the association of baseline county prenatal smoking rate on prenatal smoking cessation.ResultsThe association of NFP participation and prenatal smoking cessation was stronger in a later implementation period (35.5% for NFP clients vs. 27.5% for comparison women, p < 0.001) than in an earlier implementation period (28.4% vs. 25.8%, p = 0.114). Cessation was also negatively associated with county prenatal smoking rate, controlling for NFP program effect, (OR = 0.84 per 5 percentage point change in county smoking rate, p = 0.002).ConclusionsFollowing a statewide implementation, program recipients of NFP demonstrated increased smoking cessation compared to comparison women, with a stronger program effect in later years. The significant association of county smoking rate with cessation suggests that community behavioral norms may present a challenge for evidence-based programs as models are translated into diverse communities.
Highlights
The influence of community context on the effectiveness of evidence-based maternal and child home visitation programs following implementation is poorly understood
The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) model has been evaluated in three randomized trials that have demonstrated positive program effects across a range of maternal outcomes, including prenatal smoking cessation, lengthened interbirth intervals, and reduced welfare receipt [2,3,4]
In comparison to all NFP clients, clients in this smoking cessation cohort were similar in educational achievement, urban/rural residence, marital status, and welfare reciept; the study cohort was more likely to be white and of older age (Table 1)
Summary
The influence of community context on the effectiveness of evidence-based maternal and child home visitation programs following implementation is poorly understood. Evidence-based maternal and child home visitation programs are currently undergoing widespread dissemination to a diversity of communities in nearly every state across the United States. The expeditious dissemination follows federal investment in the 2010 Affordable Care Act Maternal, Infant and Early Childhood Home Visitation Program, which boosted a decade-long trend of expansion of home visitation programs. The NFP model has been evaluated in three randomized trials that have demonstrated positive program effects across a range of maternal outcomes, including prenatal smoking cessation, lengthened interbirth intervals, and reduced welfare receipt [2,3,4]. Child outcomes include a reduction in childhood injury rates, [5,6,7,8,9] improvements in school readiness, and a reduction in antisocial behaviors among adolescents born to program recipients [10,11]
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