Abstract
• HLP modulated the expression of AMPK and GSK3β to increase glycogen synthesis and reduce lipid accumulation in the liver. • HLP activated AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to relieve oxidative stress. • HLP alleviated inflammation in the liver of diabetic rats via NF-κB signaling pathway. The study evaluated the beneficial effects of orally administered Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) on liver injury in diabetic rats. The results showed that HLP regulated liver glycogen, glycosylated serum protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Simultaneously, HLP significantly reduced lipid accumulation in livers of diabetic rats ( P < 0.05). In addition, HLP exerted anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, together with repaired histological impairment of liver in diabetes. Moreover, HLP downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of inhibitors of nuclear factor κB kinase β (IKKβ), nuclear factor κB P65 (NF-κB P65) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), while upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) in the liver. These findings suggested that HLP improved liver injury via AMPK and NF-κB related signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic rats.
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