Abstract
Photorefractive planar waveguides in LiTaO 3 are fabricated by a proton exchange and a successive copper exchange from melts, containing either Cu + or Cu 2+ ions. The influence of different fabrication steps on refractive index profiles, hydrogen content, optical absorption, and waveguide transparency is investigated. With holographic methods dark and photoconductivity, holographic sensitivity, and light-induced refractive index change are measured. By the additional copper exchange the steady-state diffraction efficiency of holographic gratings in the waveguides is increased from 0.005 to 81%. Here the crucial influence of both, Cu valence state and hydrogen concentration on the holographic sensitivity is demonstrated.
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