Abstract
In strong-field ionization interferences between electron trajectories create a variety of interference structures in the final momentum distributions. Among them, the interferences between electron pathways that are driven directly to the detector and the ones that rescatter significantly with the parent ion lead to holography-type interference patterns that received great attention in recent years. In this work, we study the influence of the magnetic field component onto the holographic interference pattern, an effect beyond the electric dipole approximation, in experiment and theory. The experimentally observed nondipole signatures are analyzed via quantum trajectory Monte Carlo simulations. We provide explanations for the experimentally demonstrated asymmetry in the holographic interference pattern and its non-uniform photoelectron energy dependence as well as for the variation of the topology of the holography-type interference pattern along the laser field direction. Analytical scaling laws of the interference features are derived, and their direct relation to either the focal volume averaged laser intensities, or to the peak intensities are identified. The latter, in particular, provides a direct access to the peak intensity in the focal volume.
Highlights
Holographic interferences were observed in strong-field ionization of atoms and molecules
The holographic interference pattern from strong-field ionization is contained in the photoelectron momentum distribution (PMD) and is based on the recollision concept [5]
The observed holographic interferences can be qualitatively described by the perturbative nondipole strong-field approximation (SFA) [32], where the rescattering is treated as a perturbation
Summary
Holographic interferences were observed in strong-field ionization of atoms and molecules. The holographic interference pattern from strong-field ionization is contained in the photoelectron momentum distribution (PMD) and is based on the recollision concept [5]. The leading nondipole effect for the continuum electron in the strong-field ionization process is a drift along the laser propagation direction. This forward drift has been measured cycle averaged [20], subcycle time resolved [21], and theoretically analyzed in Refs.
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