Abstract
Quantum fluctuations of spacetime give rise to quantum foam, and black hole physics dictates that the foam is of holographic type. Applied to cosmology, the holographic model requires the existence of dark energy which, we argue, is composed of an enormous number of inert “particles” of extremely long wavelength. These “particles” necessarily obey infinite statistics in which all representations of the particle permutation group can occur. For every boson or fermion in the present observable universe there could be ∼1031 such “particles”. We also discuss the compatibility between the holographic principle and infinite statistics.
Highlights
There are two kinds of statistics: Fermi-Dirac statistics for identical particles of half-integral spin and Bose-Einstein statistics for identical particles of integral spin. (There are generalizations of these statistics known as para-Fermi and para-Bose statistics. [1]) But it is far less well-known that there is a third kind of particle statistics, known as infinite statistics [2, 3, 4], that is consistent with the general principles of quantum field theory
The main part of our argument is given in Section IV: there we show that, in the framework of holographic foam cosmology, positivity of entropy requires the “particles” constituting dark energy to obey infinite statistics; we discuss the compatibility between the holographic principle and
We have considered a perfect gas consisting of “particles” of extremely long wavelength, obeying Boltzmann statistics in the Universe at temperature T
Summary
There are two kinds of statistics: Fermi-Dirac statistics for identical particles of half-integral spin and Bose-Einstein statistics for identical particles of integral spin. (There are generalizations of these statistics known as para-Fermi and para-Bose statistics. [1]) But it is far less well-known that there is a third kind of particle statistics, known as infinite statistics [2, 3, 4], that is consistent with the general principles of quantum field theory. [1]) But it is far less well-known that there is a third kind of particle statistics, known as infinite statistics [2, 3, 4], that is consistent with the general principles of quantum field theory. The main part of our argument is given in Section IV: there we show that, in the framework of holographic foam cosmology, positivity of entropy requires the “particles” (or bits) constituting dark energy to obey infinite statistics; we discuss the compatibility between the holographic principle and.
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