Abstract
We study the gravitational dual of a high-energy collision in a confining gauge theory. We consider a linearized approach in which two point particles traveling in an AdS-soliton background suddenly collide to form an object at rest (presumably a black hole for large enough center-of-mass energies). The resulting radiation exhibits the features expected in a theory with a mass gap: late-time power law tails of the form t^(-3/2), the failure of Huygens' principle and distortion of the wave pattern as it propagates. The energy spectrum is exponentially suppressed for frequencies smaller than the gauge theory mass gap. Consequently, we observe no memory effect in the gravitational waveforms. At larger frequencies the spectrum has an upward-stairway structure, which corresponds to the excitation of the tower of massive states in the confining gauge theory. We discuss the importance of phenomenological cutoffs to regularize the divergent spectrum, and the aspects of the full non-linear collision that are expected to be captured by our approach.
Highlights
The study of collisions and their outcomes is one of the most important ways of obtaining information about a theory and of testing it experimentally. This is true both in particle physics, where collision experiments have been dominant for a century and in gravitational physics, with the expected imminent detection of the gravitational radiation from collisions of black holes and neutron stars
One phenomenon of current interest in this area is the collision at high energies of two objects which, through the interactions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), form a ball of quark-gluon plasma (QGP)
It is important to note that in collisions at energies above the confinement scale, it may be possible to neglect the confinement scale r0 for certain aspects of the initial dynamics of the black hole formed, this scale is still crucial for the proper interpretation of the emitted radiation in terms of gauge theory particles, since it is responsible for the discreteness of the spectrum and the existence of a mass gap
Summary
The study of collisions and their outcomes is one of the most important ways of obtaining information about a theory and of testing it experimentally. The dual of QCD is not known, the analogous process in gauge theories with a gravity dual can be described via the collision of two objects of finite but small size that form a black hole in an asymptotically AdS spacetime.. The dual of QCD is not known, the analogous process in gauge theories with a gravity dual can be described via the collision of two objects of finite but small size that form a black hole in an asymptotically AdS spacetime.1 The study of these collision processes is challenging because one must solve Einstein’s equations in a dynamical setting, which generically must be done numerically. The goal of this paper is to give a first step towards extending this program to gravitational duals of confining gauge theories For this purpose we will consider collisions in the so-called AdS-soliton [14, 15]. In the range of temperatures above, the trace anomaly in QCD, which measures deviations from conformality, is still relatively sizable [16], again suggesting a possible role of ΛQCD
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