Abstract
In this paper, a hollow-core negative curvature fiber (HC-NCF) with high birefringence is proposed for low refractive index (RI) sensing based on surface plasmon resonance effect. In the design, the cladding region of the HC-NCF is composed of only one ring of eight silica tubes, and two of them are selectively filled with the gold wires. The influences of the gold wires-filled HC-NCF structure parameters on the propagation characteristic are investigated by the finite element method. Moreover, the sensing performances in the low RI range of 1.20–1.34 are evaluated by the traditional confinement loss method and novel birefringence analysis method, respectively. The simulation results show that for the confinement loss method, the obtained maximum sensitivity, resolution, and figure of merit of the gold wires-filled HC-NCF-based sensor are −5700 nm/RIU, 2.63 × 10−5 RIU, and 317 RIU−1, respectively. For the birefringence analysis method, the obtained maximum sensitivity, resolution, and birefringence of the gold wires-filled HC-NCF-based sensor are −6100 nm/RIU, 2.56 × 10−5 RIU, and 1.72 × 10−3, respectively. It is believed that the proposed gold wires-filled HC-NCF-based low RI sensor has important applications in the fields of biochemistry and medicine.
Highlights
Hollow-core negative curvature fiber (HC-NCF), whose surface normal direction of the core boundary is opposite to that of the radial unit vector in the cylindrical coordinate system, propagates the light energy in the core region by the anti-resonance effect [1,2]
We propose a gold wires-filled hollow-core negative curvature fiber (HC-NCF) with high birefringence for low refractive index (RI) sensing based on the Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect
The simulation results show that the proposed gold wires-filled HC-NCF-based low RI sensor can simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, good linearity, high resolution, and large figure of merit (FOM)
Summary
Hollow-core negative curvature fiber (HC-NCF), whose surface normal direction of the core boundary is opposite to that of the radial unit vector in the cylindrical coordinate system, propagates the light energy in the core region by the anti-resonance effect [1,2]. In 2017, Liu et al demonstrated a mid-infrared PCF coated with the gold for low RI sensing, where the average sensitivity and maximum resolution were 5500 nm/RIU and 7.69 × 10−6 RIU, respectively, in the RI range of 1.23–1.29 [19]. In 2018, Dash et al proposed a PCF coated with the aluminum-doped zinc oxide for low RI sensing, where the maximum sensitivity and resolution could achieve 5000 nm/RIU and 2.0 × 10−5 RIU, respectively, in the RI range of 1.32–1.34 [20]. We propose a gold wires-filled HC-NCF with high birefringence for low RI sensing based on the SPR effect. The simulation results show that the proposed gold wires-filled HC-NCF-based low RI sensor can simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, good linearity, high resolution, and large FOM
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