Hollow self-floating microspheres capture cobalt (Co2+)/nickel (Ni2+) ions from the acidic leachate of spent lithium-ion battery cathodes

Abstract

The effectiveness of lithium recovery determines the future use of the devices powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under lithium resource shortages. Selective separation of Co2+/Ni2+ from the cathode leachate of LIBs is a key step to reduce the lithium loss in the recovery progress. This study reported a hollow structured self-floating adsorbent synthesized by co-grafting of (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on hollow glass microsphere (HGM) for selective capture of Co2+/Ni2+ from LIBs cathode leachate. The introduction of the N atom of APTES was crucial for bridging the inorganic HGM and organic EDTA. The organic component of the synthesized adsorbent accounted for 12.82%, which was responsible for the Co2+/Ni2+ adsorptions. Physic- and chemic-adsorptions were the ordinal mechanisms during the three-stages divided adsorption progress. The negative –COO− groups promoted the electrostatic attraction between metal ions and the adsorbents. The N atoms of EDTA were the effective adsorption sites for Co2+ and Ni2+ ions, resulting in chemical chelation of the metal ions with adsorbents followed by ion exchanges of Na+ and Ca2+. The adsorbents captured 94.18 mg g−1 of Co2+ and 62.56 mg g−1 of Ni2+ with a < 1% lithium loss in the LIBs cathode leachate. The self-flotation process of the adsorbent was non-linearly fitted by our original equation for predicting its movement track for further solid–liquid separation. This research proposed a new strategy for the selective adsorption of Co2+/Ni2+ from LIBs cathode leachate with limited lithium loss.