Abstract
Herein, the basic principles, such as the definitions, classifications, and properties, of hollow polymer particles (HPPs) are critically investigated.
Highlights
Hollow polymer particles (HPPs) are polymeric spheres with size in the range from nanometer to micron (1–1000 nm) and a single pore inside the particle; on the other hand, polymers with many pores are called porous polymers.[1,2] Interest in HPPs has increased steadily over the past few decades because HPPs can readily be used to upload drugs and active species and can efficiently sequester speci c target molecules into the hollow interiors by chemical modi cation.[3]
This review presents a general overview of hollow polymer particles (HPPs)
Core–shell polymer particles with hollow core structures are the most developed HPPs due to their interesting morphologies, which lead to them achieve superior properties
Summary
Hollow polymer particles (HPPs) are polymeric spheres with size in the range from nanometer to micron (1–1000 nm) and a single pore inside the particle; on the other hand, polymers with many pores are called porous polymers.[1,2] Interest in HPPs has increased steadily over the past few decades because HPPs can readily be used to upload drugs and active species and can efficiently sequester speci c target molecules into the hollow interiors by chemical modi cation.[3]. She was awarded her PhD scholarship from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) and Best Student Doctor of Philosophy (Polymer Engineering) from UTM She was a Senior Chemist for Synthomer R&D Asia. HPPs can be synthesized in a liquid or solid form in the range of tens of nanometers to several millimeters.[26,27] A variety of monomers, including methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), and vinyl acetate (VAc), have been used to synthesize HPPs. one of the earliest processes for making hollow polymer particles was developed by Kowalski and co-workers in 1984 at Rohm and Haas company using an acid/alkali swelling method.[28,29] The common methods that are used to form hollow structures of HPPs are template,[1,30,31,32] self-assembly,[33,34] and acid/ alkali swelling,[35] with different synthesis techniques such as suspension, dispersion, emulsion, and precipitation polymerization. Advanced techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering have been used to study the morphology system of HPPs
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