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Abstract
Polyaniline hollow microsphere (PNHM)/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites have been synthesized by a novel strategy and characterized. Subsequently, PNHM/Fe3O4-40 (Fe3O4 content: 40 wt.%) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of arsenic (As) from the contaminated water. Our investigations showed 98–99% removal of As(III) and As(V) in the presence of PNHM/Fe3O4-40 following pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 > 0.97) and equilibrium isotherm data fitting well with Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.98). The maximum adsorption capacity of As(III) and As(V) correspond to 28.27 and 83.08 mg g−1, respectively. A probable adsorption mechanism based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was also proposed involving monodentate-mononuclear/bidentate-binuclear As-Fe complex formation via legend exchange. In contrast to NO3− and SO42− ions, the presence of PO43− and CO32− co-ions in contaminated water showed decrease in the adsorption capacity of As(III) due to the competitive adsorption. The regeneration and reusability studies of spent PNHM/Fe3O4-40 adsorbent showed ~83% of As(III) removal in the third adsorption cycle. PNHM/Fe3O4-40 was also found to be very effective in the removal of arsenic (<10 μg L−1) from naturally arsenic-contaminated groundwater sample.
Highlights
Polyaniline hollow microsphere (PNHM)/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites have been synthesized by a novel strategy and characterized
This is followed by its characterization by Field emissions scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and magnetic properties analysis to understand the morphology and composition of nanocomposites
The image of SPS@PANI clearly shows the coating of polyaniline on the surface of SPS spheres fabricated from PS microsphere of almost uniform diameters[32]
Summary
Polyaniline hollow microsphere (PNHM)/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites have been synthesized by a novel strategy and characterized. Membrane separation exhibits high efficiency but involves high operational cost[6] In this regard, the removal of toxic pollutants from water through adsorption has been receiving considerable attention due to its sludge-free operation, cost-effectiveness, high efficiency/selectivity, ease of use, and reusability facilities[7]. The removal of toxic pollutants from water through adsorption has been receiving considerable attention due to its sludge-free operation, cost-effectiveness, high efficiency/selectivity, ease of use, and reusability facilities[7] Several nanoparticles, such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and ferric oxides emerged as effective nanoadsorbents give better performance compared to other conventional adsorbents in removal of arsenic, phosphate, selenium and nitrite anions, and other heavy metals from drinking water 8–13. Arsenic adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and probable adsorption mechanisms have been investigated based on the experimental data
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