Hollow plasma channel for positron plasma wakefield acceleration

Abstract

Plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) has demonstrated the ability to produce very high gradients to accelerate electrons and positrons. In PWFA, a drive bunch of charged particles passes through a uniform plasma, thereby generating a wakefield that accelerates a witness bunch traveling behind the drive bunch. This process works well for electrons, but much less so for positrons due to the positive charge attracting rather than repealing the plasma electrons, which leads to reduced acceleration gradient, halo formation, and emittance growth. This problem can be alleviated by having the positron beam travel through a hollow plasma channel. Presented are modeling results for producing 10--100 cm long hollow plasma channels suitable for positron PWFA. These channels are created utilizing laser-induced gas breakdown in hydrogen gas. The results show that hollow channels with plasma densities of order ${10}^{16}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and inner channel radii of order $20\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ are possible using currently available terawatt-level lasers. At these densities and radii, preliminary positron PWFA modeling indicates that longitudinal electric fields on axis can exceed $3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GV}/\mathrm{m}$.