Abstract
Dye wastewater severely threatens the environment due to its hazardous and toxic effects. Although many methods are available to degrade dyes, most of them are far from satisfactory. The proposed research provides a green and sustainable approach to degrade an azo dye, methyl orange, by electrically active biofilms (EABs) in the presence of solid and hollow palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The EABs acted as the electron generator while nanoparticles functioned as the electron carrier agents to enhance degradation rate of the dye by breaking the kinetic barrier. The hollow Pd nanoparticles showed better performance than the solid Pd nanoparticles on the dye degradation, possibly due to high specific surface area and cage effect. The hollow cavities provided by the nanoparticles acted as the reaction centers for the dye degradation.
Highlights
Azo dyes are commonly used in textile industries and the dyes present in textile wastewater severely threaten aquatic life due to their acute toxicity [1,2]
Evaluation of as-Developed as-Developed analysis and CVEABs are considered as powerful tools to investigate the electrochemical
electrically active biofilms (EABs) for dye degradation, the electrochemical properties of was the EABs wereafter analyzed without any catalyst nanoparticles
Summary
Azo dyes are commonly used in textile industries and the dyes present in textile wastewater severely threaten aquatic life due to their acute toxicity [1,2]. Biodegradation by fungi, bacteria and enzymes are largely employed to remove dyes from wastewater [5], but the major drawbacks of these biological method are the inherent slow degradation nature and formation of sludge [14]. Active microbes such as Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can effectively degrade azo dyes extracellularly with the aid of outer-membrane c-type cytochromes (OM c-Cyts) [15]. Hollow metal nanoparticles exhibit better electron transfer catalysts and are largely employed in various catalytic reactions [21,22,23,24,25]. Removal of dyes from wastewater through EABs/hollow Pd hybrid system
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