Abstract
Hollow nanostructured anode materials lie at the heart of research relating to Li-ion batteries, which require high capacity, high rate capability, and high safety. The higher capacity and higher rate capability for hollow nanostructured anode materials than that for the bulk counterparts can be attributed to their higher surface area, shorter path length for Li+ transport, and more freedom for volume change, which can reduce the overpotential and allow better reaction kinetics at the electrode surface. In this article, we review recent research activities on hollow nanostructured anode materials for Li-ion batteries, including carbon materials, metals, metal oxides, and their hybrid materials. The major goal of this review is to highlight some recent progresses in using these hollow nanomaterials as anode materials to develop Li-ion batteries with high capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability.
Highlights
With great success in the portable electronic sector, Li-ion batteries have been considered the most promising energy storage technology for hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle applications, which are central to the reduction of CO2 emissions arising from transportation
Hollow nanostructured anode materials lie at the heart of research relating to Li-ion batteries, which require high capacity, high rate capability, and high safety
The higher capacity and higher rate capability for hollow nanostructured anode materials than that for the bulk counterparts can be attributed to their higher surface area, shorter path length for Li? transport, and more freedom for volume change, which can reduce the overpotential and allow better reaction kinetics at the electrode surface
Summary
With great success in the portable electronic sector, Li-ion batteries have been considered the most promising energy storage technology for hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle applications, which are central to the reduction of. These transition-metal oxide anodes can be specified into insertion-type materials (such as Li4Ti5O12, TiO2) [32,33,34,35], alloying-type materials (such as SnO2, SnO) [36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44], and conversion-type materials (such as Co3O4, Fe2O3) [45] Among these insertion-type oxide anode materials for Li-ion batteries, Li4Ti15O12 has been considered as one of the most promising alternatives due to its special characters, such as a small volume change during charge/discharge process (zero strain insertion materials), which enables a long and stable cycle life, and a stable insertion potential at 1.55 V versus Li, which avoids the reduction reaction of electrolyte.
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