Abstract
This chapter summarizes the advancement of hollow fiber membranes for reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) technologies. It discusses the separation mechanisms of RO and NF. The chapter reviews the transition of commercial RO hollow fiber products and the challenges of further developing RO hollow fiber membranes. RO can remove greater than 99% of the dissolved salts, particles, colloids, organics, bacteria, and pyrogens from the feed. Membranes for commercial RO applications are normally composite materials having a very thin and dense separation layer anchored on thick, strong, and porous support. The success in the development of hollow fiber membranes for RO desalination also promoted studies in the direction of improved transport properties, better chemical resistance, higher mechanical strength, and more advanced spinning and fabrication methods. Zhang developed fouling-resistant hollow fiber RO membranes fabricated through interfacial polymerization on the inner surface of a polyethersulfone substrate.
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