Hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction and determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories by capillary electrophoresis and sulfonamides by HPLC in human urine

Abstract

In this paper two applications of three-phase HF-LPME for the determination of pharmaceuticals in human urine are proposed: a capillary electrophoresis with a photodiode array detection method for the analysis of seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and a high-performance liquid chromatographic with photo diode array and fluorescence detection method for the determination of four sulfonamides and their corresponding N(4)-acetyl-metabolites. Q3/2 Accurel® polypropylene hollow fibers were used for both procedures. Dihexyl ether was used as the supported liquid membrane for the determination of anti-inflammatories and 1-octanol for sulfonamides. An aqueous solution (pH 12) was used in both procedures as the acceptor phase and as the donor phase an aqueous solution (pH 2), and a 2 M Na(2)SO(4) aqueous solution (pH 4) was used for the determination of the anti-inflammatories and sulfonamides. The detection limits obtained were between 0.25 (naproxen) and 0.86 ng/mL (aceclofenac) for the determination of anti-inflammatories and 7 × 10(-4) (sulfamethoxazole) and 0.048 ng/mL (N(4)-acetyl-sulfamethazine) for sulfonamides. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the analytes in human urine.