Holistic and Reductionist Approaches

Abstract

This chapter follows on from the previous one to outline the differences between holistic and reductionist approaches and to position the use of holistic methods. It shows that effective use of either (holistic or reductionist) approach depends on the nature of the situation of interest. In a relatively simple deterministic situation reductionist methods are appropriate and effective. In high complexity naturalistic situations holistic methods are appropriate and effective. Most of the important situations confronting organisations, resemble naturalistic environments and are best managed using holistic approaches. The consequences of mismatching a situation and approach are outlined. The most frequent mismatch found in organisations, using reductionist approaches in a naturalistic environment, is discussed in detail. Commonly occurring forms of dysfunction resulting from this mismatch are outlined.