Abstract
Thermal management is the most vital element of electric vehicles (EV) to control the maximum temperature of module/pack for safety reasons. This paper presents a novel passive thermal management system (TMS) composed of a heat sink (HS) and phase change materials (PCM) for lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) technology under the premise that the cell is cycled with a continuous 150 A fast charge/discharge current rate. The experiments are validated against numerical analysis through a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. For this purpose, a comprehensive electro-thermal model based on an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is designed. The designed electro-thermal model combines the ECM model with the thermal model since the performance of the LiC cell highly depends on the temperature. Then, the robustness of the model is evaluated using a precise second-order ECM. The extracted parameters of the electro-thermal model are verified by the experimental results in which the voltage and temperature errors are less than ±5% and ±4%, respectively. Finally, the thermal performance of the HS-assisted PCM TMS is studied under the fast charge/discharge current rate. The 3D CFD results exhibit that the temperature of the LiC when using the PCM-HS as the cooling system was reduced by 38.3% (34.1 °C) compared to the natural convection case study (55.3 °C).
Highlights
The main challenge of creating a safe and reliable means of transport that is economical and less pollutant is the energy issue [1]
The vital part of electric vehicles (EV) is the energy storage system (ESS) that is mainly based on lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) due to high energy density [3]
This work aims at proposing a hybrid thermal management system (TMS) employing phase change materials (PCM) and a novel lightweight heat sink (PCM-HS) to control the temperature of the lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) under high current rates
Summary
The main challenge of creating a safe and reliable means of transport that is economical and less pollutant is the energy issue [1]. The current rates applied to the cell are pretty high, from 0.1 A to 500 A, which shows the work’s uniqueness in the field of electro-thermal modeling. This work aims at proposing a hybrid TMS employing PCM and a novel lightweight heat sink (PCM-HS) to control the temperature of the LiC under high current rates. In this work, a high duty current rate is applied to the cell to extract the cell’s electrical and thermal parameters, which will b2e. The2r3e0f0ore, in this work, a high dutFy current rate is appliedNVtooomlttiahngeaelcRVeoalnlltgatoegeextract the cell’s el2e.c2trt3oic3a.l8and thermal parameters,VVwhich will be used forWtheiegh3tD CFD simulation studie0.s3.5T5he characteristics of the takrgget LiC cell are showWnoirnkiTngabTleem1p. The final solution for the HS modeling is: Θ cosh(λ(1 − X)) cosh(λ)
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