Hoarding symptoms among psychiatric outpatients: confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Saving Inventory - Revised (SI-R).

Siau Pheng Lee,Mythily Subramaniam,Clarissa Ong,Louisa Picco,Siow Ann Chong,Rebecca Ong,Vathsala Sagayadevan,Edimansyah Abdin,Swapna Verma,Janhavi Vaingankar,Susan Lim

doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1043-y

Abstract

BackgroundThe growing interest in problematic hoarding as an independent clinical condition has led to the development of the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R) to assess hoarding phenomenology. The SI-R is one of the most widely used instruments to measure hoarding symptoms; however, it lacks validation in non-Western samples.MethodsThe current study examined the construct, convergent, and discriminant validity of the SI-R among 500 outpatients at a psychiatric hospital in Singapore. The three-factor structure solution of the SI-R was fitted in a confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe final model achieved mediocre fit (χ2 = 1026.02, df = 186; RMSEA = 0.095, SRMR = 0.06; CFI = 0.86; NNFI = 0.85). Two reverse-coded items (items 2 and 4) were removed due to insufficient factor loadings, resulting in the modified 21-item SI-R (SIR-21). Our findings indicate the need to further examine the construct validity of the SI-R, particularly in non-Western samples. Nonetheless, correlations with other hoarding-related constructs, such as anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the SIR-21 in our sample.ConclusionsFindings in our current majority Chinese sample were consistent with previous observations from other Chinese samples. Implications were discussed from a cross-cultural perspective, such as cultural emphasis on saving for future use and overlap between the concepts of discarding and acquiring in Chinese samples. Future studies should also examine differences among other ethnic groups (e.g., Malay, Indian).

Highlights

The growing interest in problematic hoarding as an independent clinical condition has led to the development of the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R) to assess hoarding phenomenology
The Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder [10] was designed to evaluate the presence of Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) hoarding disorder, whereas other scales, such as the Hoarding Rating Scale (HRS) [11] and Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R) [12] have been used to evaluate significant hoarding [13, 14]
The majority of participants were of Chinese ethnicity, had received at least secondary level education, were currently employed, and staying in a Housing Development Board (HDB) flat with their immediate family

Summary

Introduction

The growing interest in problematic hoarding as an independent clinical condition has led to the development of the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R) to assess hoarding phenomenology. The SI-R is one of the most widely used instruments to measure hoarding symptoms; it lacks validation in non-Western samples. Hoarding disorder is characterized by (1) persistent difficulty discarding possessions, regardless of the true value of possessions, (2) resulting clutter that prohibits intended use of living spaces, (3) strong urges to save items or distress in response to discarding objects, (4) distress to self and/or others resulting from failure to Epidemiological studies revealed at least 2–5 % of the general population present with problematic hoarding [5, 6]. The growing interest in hoarding disorder has brought about the development of several instruments to measure its symptomatology. The original validation study of the SI-R indicated 3 factors that were consistent with the 3 domains of hoarding: Difficulty Discarding, Clutter, and Acquisition

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