HMS challenger in the antarctic: pictures and photographs from 1874

Abstract

HMS Challenger was probably the first official expedition to carry a photographer as well as an artist. A survey has been made of the illustrations and photographs made during their 3‐week voyage in polar waters during February‐March 1874. Documents from this period reveal the interest and excitement generated by ice. The eight existing photographs are the earliest known images of southern icebergs and some appear to have been used as the basis for later illustrations. The work of the official artist was supplemented by drawings and watercolours by several of the ship's officers and scientists, as well as a unique lower‐deck collection by a cooper. The fascination with ice is evident in all work, but both professional and amateur artists portrayed ice in a straightforward and realistic manner. A different approach has been identified in later work, produced at a distance. Although based on Challenger material, images were reworked so as to increase the dramatic effect and romanticize the illustration.