Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that donor engraftment was achieved without severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) based human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -haploidentical bone marrow transplantation (PTCy-haploBMT). It has been suggested that PTCy selectively deplete proliferating alloreactive T cells, while preserving regulatory T cells. Although GVHD and non-relaplse mortality appears to be low, relapse remains a major problem after PTCy-haploBMT. Recently, PTCy is increasingly used in the setting of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or myeloablative stem cell transplantation in order to reduce rejection and disease relapse. Furthermore, this strategy can be applied to patients with nonmalignant disorders. This strategy also represents a promising platform to establish calcineurin-inhibitor free GVHD prophylaxis in HLA-identical stem cell transplantation.
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