Abstract
Tobacco use is inextricably linked to a number of health risks both in the general and HIV-infected populations. There is, however, a dearth of research on effective tobacco control programs among people living with HIV, and especially among adolescents, young adults and pregnant women, groups with heightened or increased vulnerability secondary to tobacco use. Adolescents and young adults constitute a growing population of persons living with HIV infection. Early and continued tobacco use in this population living with a disease characterized by premature onset multimorbidity and chronic inflammation is of concern. Additionally, there is an increased acuity for tobacco control among HIV-infected pregnant women to reduce pregnancy morbidity and improve fetal outcome. This review will provide an important summary of current knowledge of tobacco use among HIV-infected adolescents, young adults and pregnant women. The effects of tobacco use in these specific populations will be presented and the current state of tobacco control within these populations, assessed.
Highlights
It is estimated that over 1.1 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in the United States [1] of whom 25% are women and 6% adolescents and young adults aged 13–24 years [2]
The mortality rate associated with HIV infection has significantly declined since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [5,6], still remains higher than that of the general population and life expectancy slightly lower [7,8,9]
HIV infection enables clinicians to address tobacco use more frequently among infected adolescents, young adults and pregnant women as these groups are usually engaged in care and are seen more frequently in clinic compared to uninfected counterparts
Summary
It is estimated that over 1.1 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in the United States [1] of whom 25% are women and 6% adolescents and young adults aged 13–24 years [2]. Among persons living with HIV/AIDS, cessation of tobacco use was associated with a reduction in the adjusted incidence rate ratio for the development of cardiovascular disease from 2.32 to 1.49 after only three years of tobacco abstinence [37]. We first examine the epidemiology of tobacco use among both HIV-infected and uninfected adolescents, young adults and pregnant women. We look at the current state of tobacco control among adolescents, young adults and pregnant women in the general population. HIV-infected adolescents, young adults and pregnant women, applying lessons derived from studies in the HIV-uninfected population
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