HIV/AIDS Related Stigma and Discrimination against PLWHA in Nigerian Population.

Maznah Dahlui,Awang Bulgiba,Oche Mansur Oche,Karuthan Chinna,Rafdzah Zaki,Felix Oluyemi Adekunjo,Nazar Azahar,Anil Kumar

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143749

Maznah Dahlui, Awang Bulgiba + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143749

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Abstract

BackgroundHIV/AIDS remain a major public health concern in Nigeria. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face not only personal medical problems but also social problems associated with the disease such as stigma and discriminatory attitudes. This study provides an insight into HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination against PLWHA in Nigeria.MethodsThe data for this study was extracted from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted by the National Population Commission. All men and women aged 15–49 years, permanent residents and visitors of the households were eligible for the interview. Several questionnaires were used in the survey, some covering questions on HIV/AIDS.ResultsA total of 56 307 men and women aged 15–49 years participated in this national survey. About half of the population in Nigeria have HIV stigma. Younger persons, men, those without formal education and those within poor wealth index are more likely to have stigma towards PLWHA. In addition, married people are more likely to have stigma on PLWHA and are more likely to blame PLWHA for bringing the disease to the community. Also about half of the population discriminates against PLWHA. However, those with higher levels of education and those from higher wealth index seem to be more compassionate towards PLWHA. About 70% in the population are willing to care for relative with AIDS, even more so among those with higher level of education.ConclusionThere is a high level of HIV stigma and discrimination against PLWHA in the Nigerian population. Education seems to play a major role in the society with respect to HIV stigma and discrimination against PLWHA. Educating the population with factual information on HIV/AIDS is needed to reduce stigma and discrimination towards PLWHA in the community.

Highlights

There is a high level of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) stigma and discrimination against People living with HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) in the Nigerian population
Education seems to play a major role in the society with respect to HIV stigma and discrimination against PLWHA
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain a major public health problem in Nigeria which is only second behind South Africa in terms of the number of people with HIV/AIDS [1]

Summary

Introduction

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain a major public health problem in Nigeria which is only second behind South Africa in terms of the number of people with HIV/AIDS [1]. Even though the prognosis of PLWHA could be improved with anti-retroviral treatment, they still have to face condemnation and isolation from colleagues, family and community because people around them are conscious about their HIV status [8]. On the other hand, when PLWHA are shown compassion by the community, they are likely to take protective precautions in their sexual behavior [6] and be more open about their HIV status [5]. This problem of stigmatization and discrimination among PLWHA is more widespread in sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria, due to the weak health system coupled with poor legal and ethical framework [9]. This study provides an insight into HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination against PLWHA in Nigeria.

Methods

Results

Conclusion