HIV stigma and disclosure of alcohol use to physicians: examining the mediating role of depression among persons living with HIV

Abstract

ABSTRACT Alcohol use among persons living with HIV (PWH) can lead to poor disease outcomes. Disclosure of alcohol consumption to physicians is critical to inform HIV care. HIV stigma is associated with poor care engagement, and this relationship is partially mediated by depression. However, less is known about how HIV stigma and depression affect reporting of alcohol use to care providers. We used baseline data from an HIV intervention trial of 330 adult PWH in Baltimore, MD. We fit a path model to examine whether HIV stigma was associated with increased depression symptoms and whether higher levels of depression were, in turn, associated with underreporting of alcohol use to physicians. Among PWH reporting past 6-month alcohol use (n = 182, 55%), 64% met symptom criteria for probable depression, 58% met criteria for hazardous drinking, and 10% reported not disclosing alcohol use to their physician. HIV stigma was associated with higher levels of depression (β = 0.99, p < .0001); depression was associated with a lower likelihood of alcohol disclosure (β = −0.04, p < .0001); and depression mediated the indirect pathway from stigma to alcohol disclosure (β = −0.04, p < .01). Methods to augment or strengthen alcohol self-report may be useful in HIV care, particularly among PWH experiencing HIV stigma and depression.