HIV prevalence among populations at risk, using sentinel surveillance data from 1995 to 2009 in China

Abstract

To effectively monitor the time trend of HIV prevalence and epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs), female sex workers (FSWs), sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendants, men who have sex with men (MSM) and pregnant women etc., to provide information for evaluation on strategies regarding comprehensive HIV prevention and effectiveness of intervention, in China. Cross-sectional studies had been repeatedly conducted on sentinel surveillance program with uniformed questionnaire and collection of venous blood specimen among IDUs, FSWs, STD clinic attendants, MSM and pregnant women, from 1995 to 2009. HIV prevalence (median) among IDUs had been increasing rapidly since 1996, reaching the plateau (19.2%) in 1999-2000, then gradually decreasing in 2001-2003, and leveling off since 2004 in those relatively hard-hit epidemic provinces. HIV prevalence among drug users had increased a bit since 2001, achieving high level (2.9%) in 2004 before leveling off, showing a slight downward trend in the past two years among the medially-hit epidemic provinces, while it maintained at a low level in those low epidemic provinces. HIV prevalence (median) among FSWs had been slightly increasing, reaching a high level (1.5%) in 1999, then decreased and maintained at a low level in relatively hard-hit provinces. HIV prevalence among FSWs maintained at a low level in medially-hit and low epidemic provinces. HIV prevalence (median) among STD clinic attendants had been maintained at a lower level, lower than 0.7%. HIV prevalence among MSM had been consistently greater than 1%, and was increasing year by year, becoming one of the most important drivers of the HIV/AIDS epidemic over the past years. HIV prevalence (median) among pregnant women had slightly been increasing since 1997, then leveling off over the past years in those relatively hard-hit provinces (0.3%). HIV prevalence among pregnant women had maintained at a low level in the medial and low epidemic provinces. Data from sentinel surveillance programs showed a leveling-off situation on HIV prevalence rates among IDUs, FSWs, sexually transmitted infections clinic patients and pregnant women. However, HIV prevalence among MSM had increased significantly since 2005, indicating the high speed of transmission among this population. Epidemic among IDUs had still been concentrated in those relatively hard-hit epidemic provinces. As for FSWs and STD patients, the overall epidemic remained at low level, but the areas of epidemic kept expanding.