Abstract
Aims: knowledge of the patient’s profile, for the evaluation and suggested behaviors, promotes a favorable outcome. Thus, the objective of the study is to analyze the socioeconomic, clinical, and immunological characteristics of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus in the western region of the state of Pará.Methods: were analyzed 1966 medical records of patients whose first visit to a reference center, in the municipality of Santarém-PA, was between 1998 and 2018. Socioeconomic, clinical, and immunological information was collected from patient medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting p <0.05.Results: there was a predominance of males (62.5%), aged 20-39 years (69.1%), elementary school (58.6%), single (57.3%), and employed (66.4%). Immunosuppression was present in 22% of patients and a viral load was detectable in 66%. Tuberculosis (37%) and toxoplasmosis (23%) predominated as opportunistic infections, and syphilis (62.6%) and human papillomavirus (HPV; 14%) as other infections.Conclusions: it is concluded that both opportunistic infections and other infections were present in 25-22% of the patients and that the presence of opportunistic infections favors the installation of another infection, or vice versa. Toxoplasmosis, HPV, and syphilis are positively associated with men, and toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis with age >35 years. Immunosuppression was shown to be positively associated with men and age >35 years, as well as favoring the onset of tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, and detectable viral load.
Highlights
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) runs through a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from the acute to advanced stage of the disease, with an estimated mean time between contagion and the onset of the disease of around ten years for untreated individuals
Human papillomavirus (HPV), tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis are the most frequent infections in the study, we investigated the association of these infections with age (Table 4)
With respect to sexual orientation, for men, the majority were homosexuals (51.3%), while for women heterosexual orientation predominated (86,5%) [1]. This information differs from the current study for the sexual orientation of men, for whom heterosexuality prevailed (61.8%), as well as which the predominant schooling was complete/incomplete primary education (58.6%)
Summary
Infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) runs through a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, from the acute to advanced stage of the disease, with an estimated mean time between contagion and the onset of the disease of around ten years for untreated individuals. After the diagnosis of HIV infection, the importance of introducing antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control viral load and improve the immune system is known. The Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Adults recommend the prophylaxis of opportunistic infections to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with immune dysfunction secondary to HIV infection. The correct use of ART is essential to reduce the possibility of developing opportunistic infections, with poor adherence to treatment being one of the factors that can influence the susceptibility of these patients to opportunistic infections. Poor adherence has a multifactorial origin, but late diagnosis of HIV, low education, age, adverse effects of therapy, and the number of medications are the main factors [3]
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