Abstract
A ‘return’ of epidemics & pandemics? By approximately the mid-1970s much of the medical science community became confident that serious epidemics were no longer significant problems for developed nations. There was also a strong prevailing view that retroviruses did not infect humans. Such sentiments led to the closures of microbiology departments in some medical schools and the termination of the US Virus Cancer Program. Yet, within a span of a few years human retroviruses were discovered. Some were shown to cause certain types of leukemia as well as neurologic disease (human T-cell leukemia virus [HTLV]-1); and several old epidemics re-emerged while new epidemics emerged including perhaps the greatest pandemic in medical history, AIDS, caused by the HIV retrovirus.
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