Abstract
Ocular manifestations can occur in up to 50% of AIDS patients. They can lead to severe visual loss, affecting the quality of life of a HIV-positive person. Common lesions include relatively benign conditions, such as blepharitis and dry eye, infections, such as herpes zoster ophthalmicus and Molluscum contagiosum, and malignancies, such as squamous cell carcinoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The posterior segment manifestations include retinal vasculopathy, opportunistic infections, unusual malignancies and neuro-ophthalmologic abnormalities, with cytomegalovirus retinitis being the most common. Effective antiretroviral therapy and improved prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections have led to an increase in the survival of an individual afflicted with AIDS and a decrease in the occurrence of these infections. Immune recovery uveitis is a new cause of vision loss in patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy. Diagnosis and treatment are guided by the particular conditions and immune status of the patient.
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