HIV/AIDS in Afghanistan: A Review of Prevalence, Perspectives, and Associated Factors

Abstract

AIDS, considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is not exempt in Afghanistan. This virus targets the human immune system, paving the way for various infections. The first AIDS case was reported in Afghanistan in 1989, and over time, due to increased migration and drug usage, the rate of HIV/AIDS prevalence increased dramatically. Although the prevalence of this disease in our country is relatively low on a global scale, Afghanistan is recognized as one of the high-risk areas for HIV/AIDS transmission.
 The virus spreads through activities such as blood transfusion and mucous membrane abrasions. The primary reason for the spread of HIV in our country is the presence of vulnerable populations (drug addicts, prisoners, sex workers, and returning migrants infected from neighboring areas). Additionally, low levels of medical knowledge, poor healthcare services, cultural pressures, and constant stigma against patients lead infected individuals to avoid healthcare facilities, thereby creating a conducive environment for the further spread of AIDS.
 To effectively combat the AIDS epidemic in Afghanistan, implementing comprehensive policies for HIV control and treating injecting drug users is essential. Stronger control and monitoring of returning migrants at the country's borderlines, the use of impactful graphic warning labels on advertisements, regular advertising campaigns through media and healthcare centers, and establishing well-equipped centers for patient treatment are crucial and supportive measures.