Abstract
The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil has spread towards the Northern country region, but little is known about HIV-1 subtypes and prevalence of HIV strains with resistance mutations to antiretrovirals in some of the Northern states. HIV-1 protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences were obtained from 73 treatment-naive and -experienced subjects followed between 2013 and 2014 at a public health reference unit from Roraima, the northernmost Brazilian state. The most prevalent HIV-1 clade observed in the study population was the subtype B (91%), followed by subtype C (9%). Among 12 HIV-1 strains from treatment-naïve patients, only one had a transmitted drug resistance mutation for NNRTI. Among 59 treatment-experienced patients, 12 (20%) harbored HIV-1 strains with acquired drug resistance mutations (ADRM) that reduce the susceptibility to two classes of antiretroviral drugs (NRTI and NNRTI or NRTI and PI), and five (8%) harbored HIV-1 strains with ADRM that reduced susceptibility to only one class of antiretroviral drugs (NNRTI or PI). No patients harboring HIV strains with reduced susceptibility to all three classes of antiretroviral drugs were detected. A substantial fraction of treatment-experienced patients with (63%) and without (70%) ADRM had undetectable plasma viral loads (<40 copies/ml) at the time of sampling. Among treatment-experienced with plasma viral loads above 2,000 copies/ml, 44% displayed no ADRM. This data showed that the HIV-1 epidemic in Roraima displayed a much lower level of genetic diversity and a lower prevalence of ADRM than that described in other Brazilian states.
Highlights
ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to perform a cross-sectional study of the HIV-1 subtypes and rate of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) and acquired drug resistance mutations (ADRM) detected among HIV-infected patients from different regions of the Roraima state
In the early of 1980s the first case of HIV-1 infection was officially diagnosed in Brazil and by the end of 2014, about 780,000 people were living with HIV/AIDS in this country [1]
The objective of this study was to perform a cross-sectional study of the HIV-1 subtypes and rate of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) and acquired drug resistance mutations (ADRM) detected among HIV-infected patients from different regions of the Roraima state
Summary
The objective of this study was to perform a cross-sectional study of the HIV-1 subtypes and rate of TDRM and ADRM detected among HIV-infected patients from different regions of the Roraima state
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