Abstract
ObjectivesHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been detected in all provinces of China. Although epidemiological and phylogenetic studies have been conducted in many regions, such analyses are lacking from Jilin province in northeastern China.MethodEpidemiological and phylogenetic analyses, as well as detection of drug-resistant mutations, were conducted on 57 HIV-1 infected patients from Changchun city identified and confirmed through annual surveillance by local Centers for Disease Control in Jilin province of northeastern China in 2012.ResultsSexual contact was determined to be the major pathway for HIV-1 transmission in Jilin, where hetero- and homosexual activities contributed almost equally. Phylogenetic analyses detected multiple subtypes of HIV-1 including subtype G circulating in Jilin, with multiple origins for each of them. Both subtype B and CRF01_AE were dominant, and evidence of subtype B transmitting between different high-risk groups was observed. Mutations in the viral protease at position 71 indicated the presence of a selective pressure. Several drug-resistant mutations were detected, although they were predicted with low-level resistance to antiviral treatments.ConclusionsInformation from this study fills the gap in knowledge of HIV-1 transmission in Changchun city, Jilin province, China. By revealing the origin and evolutionary status of local HIV-1 strains, this work contributes to ongoing efforts in the control and prevention of AIDS.
Highlights
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has continued to cause a global epidemic since its discovery in the early 1980s [1]
Many HIV-1 surveillance studies have been conducted in different regions of China [3,4,5,6,7,8,9], only a few cases in northeastern China were reported [10,11], and the current transmission status of HIV-1 in Jilin province remains unknown
Infected paid blood donors (PBD) were discovered in Henan and Hubei provinces [14,16], and subtype B HIV-1 strains were found to be highly dominant among this highrisk group throughout the country [8,17]
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has continued to cause a global epidemic since its discovery in the early 1980s [1]. The prevalence of HIV-1 in China has been increasing in recent years [2]. Injection drug use (IDU) was once the dominant route for the spread of HIV-1 in China [3,12], especially between the adjacent Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Recent studies revealed that sexual activities have become the major pathway for HIV-1 transmission [13,14,15], among homosexual partners (or men who have sex with men, MSM) due to their secrecy, low awareness of the need for protection and difficulties in receiving intervention. Previous studies suggested that HIV-1 has been cross-transmitted among high-risk groups [18], which provides greater opportunities for the generation of circulating recombinant forms (CRF) of the virus and increases difficulties for control and prevention efforts
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