Abstract
HIV-1 capsid is the key orchestrator of early viral replication.
Highlights
The cone-shaped capsid enclosing the viral RNA genome and the replication machinery is the hallmark of mature human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)
We have identified numerous apparently intact postfusion HIV-1 capsids in the cytoplasm and in close vicinity to the nuclear envelope; almost all fluorescently labeled cytoplasmic HIV-1 reverse transcription complex (RTC) could be correlated with a typical capsid cone by correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) [11]
Based on the described results, we suggest a model for nuclear entry of the HIV-1 capsid: Following MT-mediated transport, the pentamer-rich narrow end of the capsid directly associates with Nup358 at the cytoplasmic face of a nuclear pore
Summary
The cone-shaped capsid enclosing the viral RNA genome and the replication machinery is the hallmark of mature human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Our understanding of capsid function in the early events following membrane fusion and cytosolic entry underwent a major paradigm shift. Recent studies using microscopic approaches shed new light on the involvement of the capsid structure in postentry replication and resolved some apparent discrepancies raised by earlier reports. The emerging model of the early phase of HIV-1 replication places the capsid in the leading role as key orchestrator of viral replication steps and HIV-1–cell interactions during the postentry phase. We summarize how recent observations have reshaped our view on HIV-1 postentry (Fig 1)
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