HITL Technologies and Applications

Abstract

In an effort to gain an understanding of the existing types of solutions and methods, this chapter begins by analyzing the scope of human‐in‐the‐loop cyber‐physical systems (HiTLCPSs) from a practical perspective, first delving into the processes of data acquisition, then considering different solutions for inferring state, and finally, different techniques for actuation. Next, it looks at several experimental projects and research initiatives in this field. One of the most important technologies for the process of data acquisition in HiTLCPSs is the wireless sensor network (WSN). These are networks of small, battery‐powered devices with limited capabilities, wireless communication, and various sensors that have been applied in countless application scenarios worldwide. One highly debated challenge of WSNs applied to HiTLCPS is the integration of these tiny devices into the worldwide Internet of Things (IoT). A recurring premise behind powerful HiTL systems is transparent interfaces that can infer human intent, physical and psychological states, emotions, and actions.