Abstract
This chapter discusses the colonization of West Papua by Indonesia. It explores debates on whether Indonesia's settlement projects in West Papua were used to Javanize West Papua. According to an unexplored trove of internal government documents, Indonesian settler colonialism in West Papua over the twentieth century was primarily driven by the twin logic of resource extraction and territorial consolidation. The chapter then covers the extent of Indonesian transmigration, ethnic cleansing, and religious composition change in each regency of West Papua. It looks into the differences in ideological and practical manifestations of state rule while considering West Papua and Papua New Guinea.
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