History-Based Secure Routing Protocol to Detect Blackhole and Greyhole Attacks in Opportunistic Networks

Abstract

Background: Routing in opportunistic networks is subject to attacks such as blackhole and grayhole attacks. A blackhole attack is a type of attack where the malicious node called blackhole node attracts all the data packets by using a forged route to falsely claim that it has a shortest route to the destination, then drops all the data packets that it receives. On the other hand, a greyhole attack is a kind of denial of service attack where a malicious node in the network acts as a normal node, causing eaves dropping and selective forwarding. Blackhole and greyhole attacks in opportunistic networks have been extensively studied in the literature and several defence mechanisms against those attacks have been proposed. This paper adds a novel contribution to this problem by proposing a novel secured protocol (so-called SHBPR) against such attacks. Keywords: Blackhole attack, delay tolerant networks (DTNs), greyhole attack, opportunistic network simulator (ONE), opportunistic networks (Oppnets), secure routing.