Abstract

Abstract Ethnic processes are as old as human history. Ever since the appearance of modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), cultural diversity and the variety of patterns of social behavior associated with it have been a part of the archeological record humans have left behind. Cultural diversity has been a major factor in the formation of local groups among humans from earliest times (Megarry 1995). Awareness of cultural boundary marking among local groups has been an element of a group’s self-identification, of its orientation in a local cultural environment, and of its categorization of outsiders. These elements of awareness have contributed to the evolution of group cohesion and to the construction of in-group solidarity, the collective equivalent of the self contrasted with the collective other, that is, out-group members.

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