History of the channel systems formation of the Kama-Keltma lowland in the Late Pleistocene

Abstract

The outcome of the research of the geomorphological structure and age of deposited materials, with a particular focus on separate elements of the Kama-Keltma lowland erosive and accumulative relief, indicates the existence of six channel system formation (reorganization) stages in the late Pleistocene-Holocene: 1 – end of the Kalinin stadial; 2 – Mologa-Sheksna interstadial; 3 – Ostashkov stadial; 4 – 18–10 thousand years ago; 5 – 10-2.5 thousand years ago; 6 – 2.5 - 0 thousand years ago. According to the results of the analysis of Landsat-8 satellite images, the best geomorphological expression of the erosion relief was obtained for bands combinations of the SWIR and NIR 7-6-5 (indication of sandy bars and ridges, indication of the moistening degree of upper bog facies) and NIR, SWIR and RED bands –5-6-4 (indication of the vegetation species composition and the moistening degree of floodplain and swamp peat geosystems).