History of formation of Sufi orders in the Indian subcontinent

Abstract

The article clarifies the concept of Sufism and the positions of Deobandian scholars regarding Sufism (tasauf), the genesis and genealogy of Sufi orders are analyzed from a chronological point of view, and the positions of Deobandians on Sufism are presented. Today, the study of Sufi traditions and tariqats associated with the Deoband school in the Indian subcontinent is relevant. Therefore, in the article, the Deoband school and the Barelvi school, which constitute the majority of the religious positions of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent, originated from Shah Waliullah Dehlawi, but later the founder of the Deoband school, Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and Ashraf Ali Thanwi, and the founder of the Barelvi school Ahmed Raza Khan а scientific analysis of controversial issues related to Sufism among the Barelvi is made. The aim of the study is to study the religious views and positions of the Sufi orders in the Indian subcontinent and analyze the religious situation in the country by comparing the views and positions of scholars of the Deoband school and the Barelvi school. The division of Indian Muslims is not limited only to this region, but also contributes to the disintegration of unity in a number of Muslim countries. That is why it is important for us to study such a process on the basis of theological and comparative methods. Key words: India, Sufism, Tariqat, Deoband, Barelvi.