Abstract
ObjectivesTo examine correlates of perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence (IPV) under and not under the influence of a substance, we conducted a study among women in Russia.MethodsIn 2011, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients receiving services at a clinic for sexually transmitted infections in St. Petersburg, Russia. Multinomial logistic regression was used for analysis.ResultsOf 299 women, 104 (34.8%) and 113 (37.8%) reported a history of IPV perpetration and victimization, respectively. Nearly half (47.1%) of perpetrators and 61.1% of victims reported that the latest IPV event (perpetration and victimization, respectively) was experienced under the influence of a substance. Factors independently associated with IPV victimization under the influence of a substance were alcohol misuse and a higher number of lifetime sex partners, whereas only experience of childhood abuse (emotional and physical abuse) was independently associated with IPV victimization that did not occur under the influence of a substance. Childhood physical abuse, lower age of first sex, sensation seeking, and alcohol misuse were independently associated with IPV perpetration under the influence of a substance, while only childhood abuse (emotional and physical abuse) was independently associated with IPV perpetration that did not occur under the influence of a substance.ConclusionsIPV under and not under the influence of a substance had different correlates (e.g., alcohol misuse and sensation seeking). Despite the strong association between substance use and IPV, experience of childhood abuse is an important predictor of IPV perpetration and victimization in Russia, above and beyond substance use.
Highlights
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a significant public concern worldwide due to its high prevalence and wide range of adverse health consequences such as injury, chronic pain, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and mental health problems [1]
In Russia, results from the limited studies conducted among several different samples all demonstrate a high lifetime prevalence, which calls for more research to examine factors related to IPV in this country [3,4,5,6]
The majority (57%) of the participants were full-time employed and 43% had monthly incomes below 15,000 rubles. None of these demographic characteristics differed by status of last IPV perpetration
Summary
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a significant public concern worldwide due to its high prevalence and wide range of adverse health consequences such as injury, chronic pain, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and mental health problems [1]. In Russia, results from the limited studies conducted among several different samples all demonstrate a high lifetime prevalence (from 23% perpetration and 26% victimization among STI patients to 46% perpetration among HIV-infected substance-using men), which calls for more research to examine factors related to IPV in this country [3,4,5,6]. Substance use is associated with IPV perpetration and victimization indirectly through facilitating the occurrence of conflicts within relationships (e.g., exacerbating financial difficulties, childcare problems or other family stressors) [10] or directly through psychopharmacological effects on cognitive functioning (i.e., reducing the ability for negotiating conflicts) [11]. A U.S national study found that 30% to 40% of the male perpetrators and 27% to 34% of the female perpetrators were drinking at the time of the IPV event [14]
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