History of Agroengineering Science in Saint Petersburg

Abstract

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, there was a significant development in the field of domestic agricultural engineering science, which focused on the challenges associated with the creation of agricultural machinery. The integration of new technologies in agriculture necessitated a scientific foundation for these advancements, with a keen consideration for the traditional methods of land cultivation. It is posited that the origins of the scientific team at the Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production can be traced back to the establishment of the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics in Saint Petersburg in 1907. (Research purpose) The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical and scientific foundations surrounding the emergence and evolution of agroengineering science in Saint Petersburg; and illustrate the continuity of scientific traditions in addressing production objectives within the realm of «Agroecology». (Materials and methods) The analysis was conducted by drawing upon publications that delve into the inception in Russia agricultural mechanization science, the chronicles of the State Agricultural Museum as well as materials prepared for the 100th anniversary of the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics’ establishment. (Results and discussion) The paper outlines the primary stages and identifies the scientists who played pivotal roles in the operations of the Bureau during 1907-1917. Commencing its activities in Leningrad in 1930, the Institute was later relocated to Moscow. In Leningrad, branches of both VIM and VIESKH were established, where former members of the Bureau continued their work. Further, after various organizational changes, the Leningrad branches were amalgamated in 1962 to form an independent institution known as NIIMESKH of the North-West. This later evolved into the research and production association «Nechernozemagromash» with the workforce exceeding 1,200 employees. In 2018, the Institute once again became a branch of VIM, with a renewed focus on comprehensive scientific research aimed at ensuring the environmental sustainability of agricultural production. (Conclusions) The most significant outcome stemming from the team’s extensive history is the continuity of knowledge transmission. Presently, operating under the umbrella of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, the team at the Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production continues the illustrious traditions of its inaugural predecessor—the Bureau of Agricultural Mechanics. It remains steadfast in its commitment to these traditions in tackling emerging challenges in agricultural science and practice.