History as the Metaphor through Which the Current World Is Viewed: British and American newspapers' uses of history following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks

Abstract

Journalists have long been expected to provide information on important events as they occur: the who, what, where and when of breaking news. Yet, they also give the why and how of an event. Historical context can help interpret as well as augment the narrative, by tapping a collective memory, adding new evidence, revising a once agreed-upon past or imparting lessons and values. Although trained to examine the present, journalists in London, New York and Washington drew upon the past to try and explain the horrific events of 11 September 2001. This article examines the coverage of that astounding event with its global consequences and considers the uses of history by the New York Times , Washington Post and London-based newspapers, The Times and The Independent , in their coverage of the 11 September attacks. Historical references considered include context, nostalgia, analogies, values and past assumptions: categories defined earlier in the work of Richard Neustadt and Ernest May. London and American newspapers showed similar historical references, but also differences, which this article explains.