Historical-sociological analysis of the end of human civilizations with emphasis on Nahjul Balagha

Abstract

Background and Aim: Civilization is the essence of culture, knowledge and temperament of a society that is formed in a historical process. Civilization is considered to represent the political situation, governance, social norms and social tolerance of a nation. All societies have civilizations according to their type of political system, and this achievement has been accompanied by ups and downs throughout history. The main purpose of the current research is to determine the historical-sociological contexts of the collapse of human civilizations. Current historical-documentary research with reference to history and sociological theories shows that civilizations do not always survive, change and finally take the path of decline. These bitter ups and downs are evident in divine verses, Nahj al-Balaghah, studies and historical documents. . Among these, the main causes of the collapse of human civilizations in dimension are firstly, historical (lack of effective leadership, diminishing political system performance, ethnic-civil strife, turbulent development, inadequate governance) and secondly, sociological (prevalence of social injustice, decline of political trust, social corruption, nepotism, social inequality, apostasy and consumerism, negative individualism of society, moral anomie) which are separable and classifiable.