Abstract
The influential theories of history have been drastically replaced. On the one hand, historical materialism has declined partly because of the collapse of “real socialism”. On the other hand, historical sociology, which is not always Marxist, has risen for several decades. This paper examines the methodology of theory of history from Marxist perspective. First, the methodological debate in American historical sociology is reviewed and it is suggested that methodological difficulties in historical sociology are solved by the dialectical writing of historical process. Second, Cohen's attempt at reconstruction of historical materialism is criticized and “dialectical historical sociology” as the theory of various trajectories of capitalist development is suggested. And then method of dialectic is formalized. Third, as a consequence of it Giddens' view of history and “post-Marxist” negation of theory of history is compatible with some parts of the method of “dialectical historical sociology”.
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