Historical profile of Nardostachys jatamansi: an ancient incense & aromatic medicinal herb from Kumaon, Uttarakhand

Abstract

Nardostachys jatamansi or jaṭāmānsī from India was known to the Mesopotamian, one of the earliest civilizations of the world. Its name was found in their cuneiform script. It was exported to Assyria, in the Arabian countries and to Egypt, where it was known as Sumbul-e-Hind and, in Greece under the name Nardus. The plant is also mentioned in the Bible as Spikenard. In Germany, it was known as Nardus indica. It was a reputed as costly incense-herb, perfume, and used as a nerve tonic in hysteria, epileptic fits, palpitations of heart, etc. in the middle-east countries since time immemorial. Its botanical identity, history and use are mentioned in the ancient Ayurvedic & Unani literature. In India, this herb’s distribution is naturally restricted to the state of Uttarakhand, where its use as incense and medicine originated. This plant is not only mentioned in the folk tales of the state but also forms part of their cultural affinity. Despite being part of their culture, this herb is endangered in Uttarakhand. Therefore serious efforts should be made by the state government for its conservation and cultivation.