Abstract
AbstractCooling and heating degree‐days (CDD/HDD) are important metrics used in energy studies as a proxy for determining demand and consumption patterns of residential/commercial buildings and work spaces. Driven by the requirements of energy impact modellers, policymakers and building design experts; a new historical high‐spatial resolution, global gridded dataset of degree‐days constructed using various base (threshold) temperatures (Tb) is presented in this study. Derived using sub‐daily temperature from a quality‐controlled reanalysis data product (Global Land Data Assimilation System—GLDAS), the dataset called ‘DegDays_0p25_1970_2018’ includes monthly and annual (i) CDD; (ii) HDD; and (iii) CDD computed using wet‐bulb temperature (CDDwb) at 0.25° × 0.25° gridded resolution, covering 49 years over the period 1970–2018. The Tb used for assembling DegDays_0p25_1970_2018 include 18, 18.3, 22, 23, 24, 25°C for CDD and CDDwb; and 10, 15, 15.5, 16, 17 and 18°C for HDD, respectively. The data of individual indices are made publicly available in the commonly used scientific Network Common Data Form 4 (NetCDF4) and Georeferenced Tagged Image File (GeoTIFF) formats. DegDays_0p25_1970_2018 fills gaps in existing energy indicators’ datasets by being the only high‐resolution historical global gridded time series based on multiple threshold temperatures, thus offering applications in wide‐ranging climate zones and thermal comfort environments. The richness of DegDays_0p25_1970_2018 lies in its flexibility by allowing users to aggregate the degree‐days not only at varying spatial scales (such as administrative levels, national boundaries, economic organizations e.g. OECD; with or without population weights), but also at varying temporal scales (such as seasons), thereby offering climatologists with a potential to examine global teleconnection patterns more discretely.
Highlights
Cooling (CDD) and heating (HDD) degree‐days are important climatic indicators, commonly used to estimate the climate‐dependent cooling and heating demands in buildings respectively (CIBSE, 2006)
Degree‐days are defined as monthly or annual sum of the difference between a base temperature (Tb) and daily mean outdoor air temperature (Td), whenever the Td is greater (CDD) or lower (HDD) than Tb (ASHRAE, 2009).* The Tb is referred to as ‘threshold’ temperature or ‘set‐point’ temperature, and it signifies the Td at which the indoor cooling or heating systems do not need to run in order to maintain human comfort levels (CIBSE, 2006; ASHRAE, 2009)
Degree‐days are widely used as climatic indicators for the assessment of the impact of climate change and variability, such as the CDD and HDD in the energy sector (Moustris et al, 2015), and growing degree‐days (GDD) in the agriculture sector (Schlenker and Roberts, 2009; Schauberger et al, 2017)
Summary
Cooling (CDD) and heating (HDD) degree‐days are important climatic indicators, commonly used to estimate the climate‐dependent cooling and heating demands in buildings respectively (CIBSE, 2006). Degree‐days have been routinely used by building designers and engineers to estimate indoor cooling/heating‐related energy consumption; and by policymakers and researchers for forecasting energy demand, consumption patterns and associated carbon emissions (Lee et al, 2005; Mourshed, 2012). This is partly rooted in its’ simplicity but yet a powerful capability to represent a relationship with cooling or heating energy consumptions (Atalla et al, 2018).
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