Abstract
This is a review paper related to three findings of Russian physical oceanographers in the Indian Ocean. Observations in the Indian Ocean were used to investigate mesoscale eddies, subsurface equatorial undercurrent, and internal tidal waves near the Mascarene Ridge. Two surveys with measurements of temperature and salinity profiles in the Arabian Sea in 1967 made possible mapping of mesoscale eddies. Repeated moored measurements of currents in the equatorial zone between 55°E and 85°E revealed the existence of seasonal subsurface easterly Tareev undercurrent. A moored array of current and temperature recorders near the Mascarene Ridge was deployed as an antenna for internal tides. The displacements of isotherms caused by internal tides were as large as 150 m. The wave propagated to the southeast from the ridge. The review is intended to summarize the phenomena of the ocean dynamics of the Indian Ocean now when the scientific community of oceanography celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Indian Ocean expedition and plans the second Indian Ocean expedition.
Highlights
The Indian Ocean differs from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the fact that it does not have primary gyres north and south of the equator, and the monsoons play a more prominent role in the atmospheric forcing
The array of moorings for the investigation of internal tides in March 1987 was planned on the R/V “Vityaz” assuming that internal tide is generated as a result of the interaction between the barotropic tidal currents with the Mascarene Ridge
In this paper, we reviewed historical studies of mesoscale eddies, equatorial subsurface countercurrent, and internal tides in the Indian Ocean carried out by the Russian oceanographers in 1960–1980s
Summary
The Indian Ocean differs from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the fact that it does not have primary gyres north and south of the equator, and the monsoons play a more prominent role in the atmospheric forcing. In the winter of 1960 and 1961 during cruise 31 of the R/V “Vityaz”, the current measurements were carried out in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean using moorings that were deployed for one day at five locations between 52°E and 91°E (Fomichev 1964).
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